What is the primary cause of overlapping in radiographic images?

Overlapping in radiographic images primarily occurs due to incorrect horizontal angulation. When the x-ray beam is not properly aligned horizontally relative to the teeth or the area being imaged, it can result in multiple structures being projected onto the same area on the radiograph. This misalignment can cause the images of adjacent teeth or anatomical structures to appear superimposed or overlapping, obscuring details that are critical for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Proper horizontal angulation allows for each tooth or structure to be distinctly captured, preventing overlap and enabling clearer visualization. In dental radiography, ensuring that the x-ray beam is perpendicular to the receptor and parallel to the teeth is crucial in obtaining high-quality images free from overlap. This clarity is vital for identifying caries, periodontal disease, and other dental conditions.

While incorrect vertical angulation, exposure time, and film damage can affect radiographic image quality, neither directly leads to the specific issue of overlapping as horizontal angulation does.